The total cattle production of Turkey is 11,789,000. In recent years, some changes have occurred in the genetic composition of Turkey bovine population because of import of cosmopolitan bovine breeds. Today cosmopolitan, domestic and crossbred breeds account for 14.0, 45.5 and 40.5 per cent of the cattle population, respectively. Total Turkish red meat and milk production from domestic and cosmopolitan breeds is 70 and 87.5 per cent respectively. Cosmopolitan, domestic breeds and their crosses provide 13.3, 31.0 and 56.0 per cent of bovine meat production and 27.8, 21 and 51.2 per cent of milk production, respectively. Generally, domestic and crossbred cattle are raised in extensive and semi-extensive systems, respectively. Farms, under both systems, are small family farms and their aim is to produce either milk or milk and meat. In both systems grazing is essential.