The physical, geomorphological, hydroclimatical and socio-economic conditions affecting Tunisian soils are very favourable for their degradation. In fact, about 3 million ha are threatened by erosion with 1.5 million ha seriously affected by this phenomenon. The growing deterioration of water and soil resources due to the rapid evolution of Tunisian socio-economic environment and natural degradation factors implies a rational management of these limited resources for an ever-growing population. In order to limit the degradation of resources, since independence the Tunisian government has made considerable efforts through physical, institutional, legislative, etc. measures in matters of soil and water conservation. In order to face the erosion problems encountered in this country, the Ministry of Agriculture elaborated a National Strategy for soil and water conservation for the decade (1991-2000) based on slope land management and the mobilization of surface runoff through the management of water channels aiming towards a sustainable agriculture development.