The Mediterranean basin is a very complex system due to its high rate of diversities (environmental, economic and societal) throughout the Northern and Southern regions and the Middle East countries. In the region, water is a highly considered issue at the forefront of discussions on global sustainability and food security, particularly in the arid and semi-arid areas. In the first part of this paper a special emphasis is given to the Mediterranean water problems and the logical needs to manage scarce resources through a sustainable and integrated approach to be applied to agricultural sector, being the major consumer of water resources in the region. The second part of the paper addresses the preliminary results of the regional dialogue undertaken in the EU-funded project WASAMED (WAter SAving in MEDiterranean Agriculture) on possible priorities and goals for future agricultural water development in the Mediterranean and possible indicators to be used to assess achievement of targets for improving science and technology in this sector.