Adoption of the annual medic cropping system in countries of the Mediterranean region has been pursued by FAO since the early 1970s. A six-year study (1987-1993) was conducted to examine the residual effect of annual medic (Medicago truncatula) on subsequent barley and the regeneration of medic after barley and in continuous medic pasture. Three treatments, namely continuous barley, continuous medic and medic-barley rotation, with both phases of the rotation present every year were tested. Establishment of medic without reseeding and barley grain yield were estimated every year. Medic pastures were established successfully in all growing seasons. Productivity of nonfertilized barley after medic was higher than continuous barley only in the last growing season of the study. Even though agronomically it was shown that medic have an important role to play in a medic - barley system, under the existing crop and animal management the system is not feasible in Cyprus.