The citrus fruit sector is evolving in a context of highly competitive global markets. Despite the global crisis, the Mediterranean citriculture is at present the leading citrus-producing region in the world, thanks to the production and exportations of easy-peeler fruits; in addition to this, unremitting attention is paid to the quality of citrus fruits as well as to the peculiar characteristics of the native products. This success is in contrast with the stagnation or even with the definitive production slump of the world top juice industries, Brasil and Florida, which are fighting against a broad range of diseases, primarily the citrus hurricane named huanglongbing disease induced by Candidatus liberibacter spp. The crisis in these two countries will profoundly change the world scenario of the citrus sector. It can turn into an opportunity for the Mediterranean citrus industry, if adequate and efficient quarantine measures are jointly adopted by the countries in the region to contrast the entrance and spread of this and other destructive citrus diseases.