This paper analyzes the water situation in the region and shows how agriculture will be affected by water shortages and giving priority of water uses to other sectors. Water planners and decision makers as well as researchers are faced with different challenges including; resources, economical, environmental and institutional. There are some options that can be used to sustain agriculture in the region considering the above constraints and challenges. They include: improving water use efficiency, reducing crop consumption of water, irrigation with reclaimed water, practicing deficit irrigation and irrigation with desalinated water. Lessons learned from Jordan and other countries will be illustrated in this presentation. The research vision for the next 25 years could include the following set of actions: have more efficient use and allocation for water use in irrigation; improved water productivity by introduction of new management measures such as deficit irrigation; and the introduction of high yielding low water demanding varieties. Desalination of brackish and sea water can offer limitless fresh water that can be used for agriculture. Therefore, there is a need to find cheap methods of desalination such as the use of solar and renewable energy. As reclaimed water of urban wastewater is becoming a new source, it is necessary to maintain efficient and sustainable agriculture production while using them. Therefore, researchers should consider these needs in setting up their research priorities.