For most countries of the Mediterranean region, the important role agriculture could play in not only feeding and clothing burgeoning population is well recognized, but also in increasing the limited available water supply by reducing water losses and by increasing the water use efficiency in the irrigation sector. Avoiding water conflicts among the water user sectors, achieving water security and food security is fundamentally a matter of water use efficient rate in the irrigation sector. The prevailing geographic, economic and social conditions of the nation play an important role in examining the efficient use of water. In agriculture, water use efficiency may be defined quite differently by a farmer, a manager of an irrigation project, or a river basin authority. Efficiencies in the use of water for irrigation consist in various components and takes into account losses during storage, conveyance and application to irrigation plots. Identifying the various components and knowing what improvements can be made is essential in making most effective use of this vital and scarce source in the Mediterranean agriculture areas.