This work analyses the organizations and institutions involved in drought preparedness and mitigation and/or on water management, with special emphasis in agriculture and irrigation water supply. The chapter includes a description of the current drought management plans and the explicit linkages and hierarchical relations among the institutions involved. This work provides a common methodology for analysing the organizations and institutions relevant to water scarcity and drought management. The approach is intended to cover the following areas: (i) Explicit description of institutions and organizations with competence in water policy and administration, planning, decision making, operation of water supply systems and in drought preparedness, and emergency action with particular emphasis in municipal and irrigation water supply. (ii) Explicit description of the linkages and hierarchical relations among the organizations and institutions. (iii) Information on existing drought preparedness and management plans. (iv) Documentation of the institutional experience on the application of the existing drought preparedness and management plans. (v) Description of the data collection system in each country, specifying the institutions responsible, the type of reporting and accessibility, and the primary uses of the data.