The research was carried out from 1988 to 2000 in the experimental plot of the almond germplasm field of the Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico of Bari (Southern Italy), under dry farming conditions. Its objective was to study the almond tree (cv. 'Filippo Ceo') submitted to different soil tillage systems and different weed control methods in a semiarid Mediterranean environment. Minimum tillage was combined with legume green manure. In the case of no-tillage with controlled weed covering and a single chemical treatment or cutting, the biomass was left on the surface for mulching. The no-tillage treatment with chemical weed control at pre-emergence showed higher kernel yield and trunk growth. The highest trunk growth values were observed in the minimum and conventional tillage treatment, with yield values slightly lower than the previous treatment. The lowest yield and growth values of almond trees were found in the no-tillage treatment with controlled weed covering with mechanical cutting.