Pistachio-tree performance of two female cultivars, a local one 'Mateur' (the most important cultivar in Tunisia) and a foreign one 'Ohadi' (an Iranian cultivar), has been studied in Sfax region. The yield per tree of each cultivar was analysed regarding the climatic conditions, especially rainfall, during a period of fifteen years. The flowering period and production characteristics (weight, shell dehiscence and size) were also monitored. The results show important differences between the two cultivars under the semi-arid conditions of Sfax region.