In this work are presented the most important aspects of irrigation practices and irrigation systems performances in Syria including the data and information about water availability and use, water resources development and application of modern techniques in irrigation. The impact of rapid population growth and socio-economic development to the qualitative and quantitative changes of water resources is highlighted. In order to mitigated with the water shortage problems, an emphasis should be given to the use of more efficient irrigation techniques, construction of new accumulations, and use of non-conventional water resources. Guidelines for the policies and measures of sustainable development in water sector are given comprehending all necessary actions: from water resources assessment and comprehensive water plan to water use rationalization, modernization of water legislation and promotion of sustainable water use and establishment of water user associations. A necessity for the rehabilitation of already existing irrigation systems and delivery networks is also underlined.