The conservation of the regional autochthonous forest genetic resources has to be ensured through two different complementary and synergistic methods: in situ and ex situ. Following a holistic approach, in situ conservation programmes must be developed at an ecosystematic level to preserve the structural and functional aspects of the whole community. The may be carried out by: (i) setting up special areas for natural genetic resources conservation; (ii) restoring flora and vegetation in several climatic districts. Ex situ conservation has to integrate and co-ordinate with in situ conservation and accordingly, it requires a close co-operation among the public bodies and scientific institutes involved in planning and implementing conservation programmes. Ex situ conservation, mainly centred on local flora, must be carried out by setting up Botanical Gardens, Tree collections and gene banks according to the most advanced conservation techniques.