This text examines the direct and indirect effects of the Marrakech agreement on the continuation of the reforms of the agricultural policies in the developing countries and on their consequences as regards distribution of income. The central idea is that the direct pressure of WTO will be finally rather low, and that it will exploit the structural adjustment less than the donors will. The indirect effects will have an impact contrasted according to developing countries, depending on their position of self-sufficiency and the degree of adjustment already carried out. Some national policies related to the adjustment will be made easier, others less easy. On the whole the constraint and the impact would remain modest, but the evolution of the agricultural policies in the world, disciplined by WTO reinforced in its procedures, will limit the installation of policies preferably national in the developing countries, all in their giving a clear signal of incentive towards the market. The approach is primarily economic, but it also resorts to the political economy.