The economic transformation in Poland after 1989 caused tremendous (90 per cent) reduction of the sheep population, and paradoxically, a slight increase in the population of goats. The projects on the reconstruction of Polish sheep farming, changing the meat and wool utilization into meat utilization, as well as the work on the development of goat breeding, need to have a modern and efficient system of transferring scientific and technological progress in the case of both kinds of farm animals. The chief institution to realize the transfer of progress is the producers' union, The Polish Sheep Farmers' Union, a nationwide organization financed mainly by the State. Research institutes, agricultural colleges and agricultural guidance centres connected with local authorities are the supporting institutions. In recent years some projects on sheep and goat production were realized by newly established institutions supporting the economic and social transformations in the country in Poland, financed from abroad or by the government. Extension Services in Poland are characterized by small variety of transmission forms, scarce use of modern audio-visual aids, no elaborated system of evaluation of the new solutions' efficiency and their promotion among farmers, as well as no co-ordination between various institutions' activities. Breaking these limitations is one of the most significant factors in overcoming the deep crisis in sheep farming and further development of goat breeding in Poland.