The socio economic implication for the water use sustainability are here analysed throughout economic, environmental, political and social connections. The analysis highlights the active role of farmers in water improvement. Farmers are involved in water efficiency through the water users associations and their capacity building. Improvement of water productivity can be obtained through on farm techniques which require rained and levelled lands and a series of appropriate agro-techniques. In conclusion, to assess the water use improvement, some indicators are proposed.