As in many parts of the world, aquaculture production in the Mediterranean is rapidly expanding. In particular, marine finfish production in 1997 reached aproximately 380,600 tonnes. The Mediterranean coast displays a wide range of geographical characteristics and supports many functions, such as tourism, residential development, and conservation, which may compete with aquaculture for resources. Many coastal areas are also physically exposed, unsuitable for traditional inshore-based farming. Within this context, intensive marine fish farming is increasingly moving towards exposed offshore environments, requiring technology development which has largely originated from Northern European systems. For small islands such as Cyprus or Malta and along highly urbanized shorelines (Catalonia, Spain) where space is scarce, such systems are particularly important. This paper reviews the process of development of marine fish farming in selected Mediterranean countries, i.e., Cyprus, France, Malta, Spain, etc., providing an introductory overview on production techniques, farm size, and the technology employed.