Durum (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is grown in the dryland of the Mediterranean region under abiotic stressful and variable environmental conditions. Drought tolerance research usually requires a large number of testing sites and seasons to determine the genotypic resistance to a given stress. Research on drought tolerance, use of molecular markers, exploitation of the genetic variation of the triticum wild relatives to enhance resistance-tolerance to abiotic stresses are of major interest in CIMMYT-ICARDA dryland durum breeding program. In this study grain yield, yield components, stress physiological traits were associated with some molecular markers. Several markers showed strong relationships with grain, yield components, and stress physiological traits, there are potential markers to be used in marker assisted selection to improve durum drought tolerance in the Mediterranean region.