Cyprus is the third largest island in the Mediterranean; water is the most important resource and a prerequisite for progress. Its scarcity has acted as a limiting constraint for the development of agriculture and for other economic activities such as tourism. In the Government schemes the sources of water are both surface water, groundwater and reclaimed water. As a rule, the water demand in the non-Government schemes is satisfied by groundwater. The scarcity of water together with the high cost associated with collecting and using the limited surface rain water for irrigation, have become real constraints for our irrigated agriculture. Because of this, particular emphasis is placed on the water use efficiency and modern irrigation technology. Modern irrigation systems have been used in Cyprus agriculture for the last 30 years. It is estimated that currently over 95 percent of the total irrigated land of the country is being served by modern irrigation methods.