The results of this study are largely based on a detailed and complex analysis of FAOSTAT data. Food imports by Middle Eastern nations have risen dramatically over the last forty years, which is primarily due to population growth in the latter half of the twentieth century. Furthermore, per capita consumption of cereals also increased during this period. The level of food security in the region differs substantially from country to country. This variability is based mostly on wealth levels, though the climatic potential also plays a role. The oil-rich Gulf states Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the UAE can easily afford to purchase grain from the world market, as can Israel. The poorer countries of the region are less able to afford such imports. Jordan is the most food insecure Middle Eastern nation, whilst the Palestinian Territories, Lebanon and Yemen also have low levels of food security.