The International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas has developed partnerships with North African research institutions and other stakeholders and is involved in projects to develop technologies, mechanisms, and processes to recover degraded Mediterranean rangelands. The studies on changes in land-use patterns and land cover showed an intensification of rangelands. The community approach helped bridge the gap between research and development. use. Technologies of rangeland improvement are developed: phosphate fertilization, low-cost re-seeding, deferred grazing, feed blocks, cactus technology and alley-cropping. Other income-generating opportunities are promoted: product differentiation, quality labels, indigenous-artisan-based products, medicinal, herbal and aromatic plants. In collaboration with the International Food and Policy Research Institute, ICARDA has studied the property rights issues, the role of local institutions in regulating rangeland use and the impact of governmental policies in the sustainable use of resources and in the alleviation of poverty. Training activities strengthened capacities of all stakeholders.