Although only eight Arab countries are currently members of the GATT, the Uruguay Round agreement will have important repercussions for the whole region. The agreement will affect world prices and the direction and volume of world trade. The impact on Arab countries will depend on their export and import structures, their trade links, and the composition of their economic activities. This article begins with a discussion of the agricultural trade provisions of the Uruguay Round agreement. After the likely consequences for world trade and agricultural commodity prices are examined, the implications for Arab agriculture are assessed by reviewing the specific economic and trading arrangements of selected Arab countries. In conclusion, the agricultural analysis is placed in a wider context, through recommendations for policy reforms in Arab countries that will serve to enhance the effects of the Uruguay Round agreement.