Turkey is the leading sheep and goat rearing country in Europe, ranking 5th or 6th in the world with about 52 million heads of small ruminants. On the contrary, their production performance is rather low. They are mainly kept on permanent grazing land and dry steppe areas with poor nutritive values in an extensive production system. In recent decades, although there is an attempt to improve their production performance and to develop more sophisticated breeds and genotypes, due to lack of a breeding strategy on a national scale, inadequate nutrition and not having performance recording, there is a big gap between the potential and realized performance of native breeds. This paper deals with the present situation of small ruminants in Turkey and a project proposal in order to improve milk production performance of dairy goat flocks of Çukurova University and breeding stock, providing possibilities of the flock to the goat farmers in the Çukurova region. The strategy followed is that of a selection programme based on progeny testing.