In Morocco, pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has been considered for long time a secondary fruit tree. In the last years, its culture is extended over different regions in more than 4000 ha. Today,Morocco is one of the world’s important pomegranate production countries. The total production is 58000 tons. It’s well concentrated in the center and the north regions. The total of production is consumed in local markets and very little quantities (<0.5%) are exported. Fruits are consumed fresh or processed into juice.Local varieties are numerous and well adapted to agroecological conditions. Their denominations reflect mainly origin area, the shape or the fruit color. Interchange of plant material was very frequent between regions. These varieties are maintained in two germplasm collections in Beni Mellal and Meknès. The local germplasm is characterized by a large diversity. However, little is known about the genetic diversity organization in this crop.